n (mathematics) A mathematical statement of some importance that has been proven to be true. Minor theorems are often called propositions. Theorems which are not very interesting in themselves but are an essential part of a bigger theorem's proof are called lemmas
n (mathematics|colloquial|nonstandard) A mathematical statement that is expected to be true; as, w:Fermat's Last Theorem|Fermat's Last Theorem (as which it was known long before it was proved in the 1990s.)
n (logic) a syntactically correct expression that is deducible from the given axioms of a deductive system